Table 2 depicts the snacking behaviour of the study participants. Among the participants who had the habit of snacking in between the regular meals, a large number The genderwise distribution of general snacking behaviour is described in Table 3. Males had a higher frequency of snacking per day A significantly higher proportion of females preferred snacks over fixed meals In contrast, The snacking behaviour of the study population with respect to the type of management of schools in which they studied has been depicted in Table 4.
Table 5 shows unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios ORs for the covariates of poor snacking behaviour among the study subjects. Tendency to skip meals had the highest adjusted OR 2.
All the covariates showed statistically significant association with snacking behaviour in the study group. Snacking behaviour varies across the different regions of the globe. With the rapid development and the changing lifestyles of adolescents, the eating habits have also been changing. These are reflected in the current study findings.
There have been studies from developed countries regarding snacking and eating behaviour of school- and college-going students and adolescents in general. Cros et al. A study by Anderson et al. A similar study by Marques et al. In Asian countries, snacking rates among youth aged 2—19 years are more variable.
Our study showed that Out of these, Our study observed a higher proportion of students from government managed colleges having poor snacking behaviour as compared to those from private Colleges. Commonly, those from lower socioeconomic class families depend on the government run colleges, and this selection in our study reflects the indirect way used to assess the socioeconomic status of the study participants. However, the current snacking behaviour could be explained by the fact that the snacks are available easily and more economically as compared to regular food items.
Thus, the easier availability can trigger the snacking behaviour among those from lower socioeconomic background. Another influencing factor could be television viewing, which our study subjects stated as one of their most frequent activities while snacking. The programmes and advertisements in the television in turn can promote the use of snacks and enhance the poor snacking behaviour.
Savige et al. Another study showed that non-Hispanic adolescents showed stronger association between television exposure and cravings for sweet snacks, salty snacks, and sweetened drinks which was similar to our findings. They also found that being Hispanic was associated with stronger associations between phone messaging and cravings for sweet snacks, salty snacks, and sweetened drinks and that males showed stronger associations between video game use and salty snack cravings [ 15 ].
Similarly, Falbe et al. Our study observations are similar to other studies as snacking was associated with watching TV in more than half of the study participants. Grenard et al. Our study showed that, among the students who snack, a majority of the students They more often choose salty, crunchy foods as snacks over healthier alternatives [ 10 ].
Ming et al. The most frequently missed meal was breakfast Another study also had similar findings with breakfast being the most commonly skipped meal [ 23 ]. This has direct implications on the long-term health status of young individuals because the importance of timely breakfast and not skipping it has already been proved to be beneficial for health [ 3 ]. The association between gender and snacking behaviour has been variable in previous studies from different regions.
More frequent snacking has been reported among boys than girls [ 24 , 25 ] and vice versa [ 26 ], while a few studies did not observe any gender differences in snacking behaviour at all [ 10 , 27 ]. Anding et al. Our study observations are similar in this regard and showed that more number of males snack frequently more than twice a day compared to females. On comparing male and female snacking behaviour, we observed that females more often tend to replace their meals with snacks Males tend to snack more of oily snacks and aerated drinks as compared to females who include more fruits in their snacks.
The pattern of skipping meals varied with gender and area of inhabitance. Females were more likely than males to skip breakfast and lunch. Similarly, adolescents from metropolitan areas were more likely than their peers from nonmetropolitan areas to skip breakfast. Our observations are similar to previous studies that have reported a higher frequency of skipping of breakfast among female adolescents [ 29 , 30 ].
Also, the study population in the computer applications and science stream had lower levels of poor snacking behaviour as compared to those in nonscience stream.
There could be multiple factors responsible for this difference. The students with science background are taught and trained about various aspects of diet and its biological concepts as part of the curricula.
Thus, the knowledge about the snacking behaviour among the subjects from computer applications and science background could translate into better behaviour. Overall, the strategies, policies, and plans addressing the snacking behaviours have to be based on the optimum understanding along with the analyses of complex outcomes of snacking behaviours on their weight [ 31 ].
This study is one of its kind taking into account the educational stream along with other covariates influencing the snacking pattern of the young individuals. Limitations of the current study could be that factors such as stress and emotion that are likely to influence snacking behaviour were not taken into consideration.
Our study reports poor snacking behaviour among the younger generation of the region. The various aspects of snacking behaviour varied across gender, stream of study, and socioeconomic status.
Kids in this age group need snacks to help them grow and learn. Early school lunch hours followe How can sugar and caffeine affect my child? In my opinion, that stuff is even How can large portions make my child gain weight? School of Medicine, Family Medicine. You can make snack-sized portions by using small 4-ounce mL Mason jars. This particular recipe is easy to prepare and combines nutritious ingredients like apples, almond butter, oats, and yogurt. Unlike most chocolate treats, these chocolate no-bake energy bites are packed with healthy ingredients like oats, dates , cashews, and almond flour to keep your teen energized between meals.
Chia seeds are loaded with nutrients that teens need, including protein, healthy fats, magnesium, calcium, manganese, and phosphorus Egg muffins are a smart choice for a make-ahead snack. Store these protein-packed muffins in the fridge or freezer so your teen can reheat them as needed. If you want to save money, try making your own at home. Protein-rich snacks can help your teen stay full between meals. Eggs are an excellent source of protein, as well as healthy fats and a variety of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
This healthy deviled egg recipe uses Greek yogurt. You or your teen can make a tasty, protein-packed parfait by layering a Mason jar with full fat Greek yogurt , fresh berries, chopped nuts, and chia seeds. Greek yogurt packs 15 grams of protein per 6-ounce gram serving If your teen enjoys seafood, give these tuna and cheddar bites a try. This tasty salad is packed with plant-based protein and makes a perfect choice for vegetarian teens.
Plus, the feta adds a boost of calcium and healthy fat. This filling chicken salad combines protein-packed chicken with apples, dried cranberries, and walnuts for a savory and sweet snack. Food allergies are on the rise, and tree nuts and peanuts are some of the most common allergens.
In fact, a recent study found that around 2. Crunchy, salty, and packed with plant-based protein, roasted chickpeas are a nut-free snack that your teen is sure to love. Most muffins are loaded with ingredients like added sugar and white flour, both of which should be limited in teenage diets. However, this recipe uses wholesome ingredients, such as bananas, rolled oats, and whole milk Greek yogurt.
Their natural sweetness comes from the bananas and a dash of maple syrup. Stick cubes of cheese, whole red or green grapes , and apple chunks on wooden skewers to create a nutrient-dense, teen-friendly snack that can be prepared in minutes. Avocados are high in healthy fats, fiber, magnesium, folate, and potassium. Although homemade snacks are a great option for teens, you can also choose from plenty of nutritious packaged options. The following bars are only sweetened with fruit and provide a good source of protein, fiber, and healthy fats:.
Whole milk cheese not only provides calcium, protein, and healthy fats but also important minerals, including zinc and selenium, that support immune health 17 , 18 , Tillamook and Organic Valley are two companies that make high quality cheese sticks perfect for snacking. A leading-edge research firm focused on digital transformation.
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